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InnoVenton and The Downstream Chemicals Technology Station
The bio-oil produced typically has a somewhat lower heat value than crude oil – the exact value being dependent upon (a) the catalyst used; and (b) the operating conditions during liquefaction. Essentially this depends to the degree of de-oxygenation achieved. We do not foresee anything like gasification as a likely further processing option, but upgrading (essentially further de-oxygenation) followed by conventional refining as most likely.